Trial Title:
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Cryotherapy Combined With Intralesional Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine Versus Either Therapy in the Treatment of Multiple Cutaneous Warts :a Comparative Study
NCT ID:
NCT05902624
Condition:
Cutaneous Warts
Conditions: Official terms:
Hepatitis B
Warts
Study type:
Interventional
Study phase:
Early Phase 1
Overall status:
Not yet recruiting
Study design:
Allocation:
Randomized
Intervention model:
Parallel Assignment
Primary purpose:
Treatment
Masking:
Single (Participant)
Intervention:
Intervention type:
Drug
Intervention name:
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine(HBV)
Description:
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine(HBV)
Arm group label:
Group cryotherapy
Arm group label:
Group cryotherapy with intralesional injection of HBV vaccine
Arm group label:
Group intralesional injection of HBV vaccine
Other name:
cryotherapy
Summary:
1. investigate the efficacy and safety of combined cryotherapy with intralesional HBV
vaccine injection in the treatment of multiple common warts.
2. compare the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment versus either therapy in
the treatment of multiple cutaneous warts.
Detailed description:
Introduction:
Warts are common, benign and epithelial proliferations and growths affecting the skin
and/or the mucosa (Sterling JC,et al.,2014) caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) which
is a double stranded DNA virus with a worldwide distribution(Pérez-González et al.,
2022).
There are approximately 218 types of HPV identified as causing infections in humans
(Magalhães et al., 2021).
Infection occurs predominantly via direct contact, although skin lesions can be
transmitted indirectly, via contaminated surfaces, Abrasions and microtraumas expose the
basal layer keratinocytes and facilitate contagion (EgawaN,et al 2015 and Vlahovic T.C.et
al,2016).
The clinical manifestations of HPV-related diseases vary depending upon the HPV type and
the site of inoculation (Burlamaqui et al., 2017).Extragenital cutaneous warts can
present as common warts, plane warts, plantar warts (Abeck D. et al, 2019).HPV infection
is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections with the most common
manifestation of HPV in the genital area is anogenital warts or condylomata acuminate
(Gofur, 2022). Infections due to these viruses may result in a wide spectrum of clinical
manifestations in the skin and mucosa(Cubie, 2013).
Although cutaneous warts are mostly benign with spontaneous resolution after months or
years in healthy patients, (Mohammed et al., 2022). Nonetheless, they can grow, cause
discomfort or embarrassment to patients, or persist for months or years, increasing viral
transmission between individuals. Also, anogenital warts caused by high risk strains
possess an oncogenic potential (Magalhães et al., 2021).
Several therapeutic modalities have been used to treat HPV infections. The choice of
treatment should take into account factors such as age, location, number and size of the
lesions, clinical subtype and the patient's immunological status.(Araújo et al., 2021)
Available treatment modalities include physical destruction (e.g., cryotherapy,
electrosurgery, ablative laser, or surgical removal), chemical destruction (e.g.,
salicylic acid or trichloroacetic acid), and anti-proliferative agents (e.g.,
podophyllin, 5-fluorouracil or bleomycin). Unfortunately, no treatment has yet shown 100%
effectiveness as a cure. Furthermore these modalities have side-effects (e.g. pain,
erythema, burning sensation and scarring) (Ockenfels HM. 2016 and Ju et al, 2022)
.Classical treatment lines are associated with high recurrence rates as they are limited
to local application and do not act systemically (Raghukumar S et al 2017).So, there is a
need for therapies with a greater efficacy and minimal side-effects ( Sterling JC,et al
2014).
Cryocautery represents a first line of therapy for cutaneous warts. It uses liquid
nitrogen to freeze tissues and destroy warts (4).
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy involves freezing a wart with liquid nitrogen for 10 to 20
seconds every two to three weeks. Precisely how cryotherapy destroys warts is not well
understood, but the prevailing theory is that freezing causes local irritation, leading
the host to mount an immune reaction against the virus (5) Immunotherapeutic agents act
by enhancing the host cell-mediated immunity that helps to eliminate the virus rather
than simply destroying visible skin lesions and have recently received increasing
attention for the treatment of warts because of their non-destructive action, high safety
profiles, promising results, and low recurrence rates. Contact immunotherapy using
contact sensitizers (diphenylcyclopropenone or dinitrochlorobenzene), topical imiquimod,
oral cimetidine or intralesional immunotherapy has been attempted as viable
immunotherapeutic options for treatment of warts. (Ju et al., 2022).
Intralesional immunotherapy has been assessed as an alternative therapeutic approach,
particularly for cases of recalcitrant or multiple warts, since it may facilitate the
clearance of not only the injected wart but also surrounding non-injected warts. Various
immunotherapeutic agents including skin test antigens (mumps, Candida, and Trichophyton);
the combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine(MMR); the tuberculin purified protein
derivative(PPD); Mycobacterium w vaccine; and bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG) vaccine have
been assessed(Thappa DM, et al, 2016 ) (Ju et al., 2022).
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is a highly safe and effective DNA vaccine against HBV
infection that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children. It is also
recommended for adults at high risk for infection because of their jobs, lifestyle, or
living situations. It is relatively cheap, easy to produce, and extremely stable.
Besides, HBV vaccination is associated with the stimulation, not only of humoral immunity
that induces antibody production against Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), but also of
cell-mediated immunity, particularly T helper1 Th1 cytokines such as interferon γ( IFN-γ
)and interleukin2(IL-2). Furthermore, HBV vaccine has the advantage of being a non-live
vaccine that can be used safely in immunocompromised patients in contrast to the live
vaccines such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) that
may pose high risks to the immunocompromised patients (Huang QD,et al. 2018).
Only two researches studied the efficacy of intralesional HBV vaccine injection in
treatment of multiple common warts (Nofal et al., 2021, Nofal et al., 2022). Both studies
revealed low success rate (20.7% and 23.3% respectively) of intralesional HBV vaccine at
a dose of 0.2ml injected into the largest wart in biweekly sessions for a maximum of 5
sessions. It Worth mentioning that one the two studies also examined the efficacy of
intramuscular injection of HBV vaccine at higher doses (0.5 ml and 1 ml/ injection) for 3
injections and reported a complete clearance of common warts in 50% of the patients,
which was statistically significant higher than percentage of those patients who achieved
complete clearance after treatment with intralesional injection of HBV vaccine using 0.2
ml/session for five sessions(Nofal et al., 2022). Whether this significant difference is
related to the different treatment dosage or to the different administration routes is
still to be unraveled by further studies.
Criteria for eligibility:
Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Any patients with multiple cutaneous warts of any site.
- Patients age above 10 years old
- No concurrent systemic or topical treatment of warts
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- History of any bleeding, clotting disorder or using anticoagulants
- Chronic systemic diseases such as chronic renal failure, hepatic insufficiency, and
cardiovascular disorders.
- Concurrent use of systemic or topical treatments of warts.
- Patients with history of neuropathy or peripheral ischemia.
- Patients with signs of inflammation or infection.
- Patients with history of a serious systemic or anaphylactic reaction or allergy to a
prior dose of HBV vaccine or to any of its components.
Gender:
All
Minimum age:
10 Years
Maximum age:
N/A
Healthy volunteers:
No
Start date:
August 1, 2024
Completion date:
August 20, 2025
Lead sponsor:
Agency:
Assiut University
Agency class:
Other
Source:
Assiut University
Record processing date:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on November 12, 2024
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov page:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05902624
