Immediate Corticosteroid Therapy and Rituximab to Prevent Generalization in Ocular Myasthenia: a PROBE Multicenter Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial.

Trial Title: Immediate Corticosteroid Therapy and Rituximab to Prevent Generalization in Ocular Myasthenia: a PROBE Multicenter Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial.

NCT ID: NCT06342544

Condition: Ocular Myasthenia Gravis

Conditions: Official terms:
Myasthenia Gravis
Muscle Weakness
Rituximab

Study type: Interventional

Study phase: Phase 3

Overall status: Not yet recruiting

Study design:

Allocation: Randomized

Intervention model: Parallel Assignment

Primary purpose: Treatment

Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)

Intervention:

Intervention type: Drug
Intervention name: immediate treatment with corticosteroids
Description: Immediate standardized treatment with corticosteroids. Standardized treatment in the experimental arm will start at 0.5mg/kg/d prednisone.
Arm group label: immediate treatment with corticosteroids addition of rituximab if recurrence

Intervention type: Drug
Intervention name: addition of rituximab if recurrence
Description: rituximab added if ocular symptoms reappear as corticosteroids are tapered off. Rituximab will be given at a dose of 500mg/6months for 12 months.
Arm group label: immediate treatment with corticosteroids addition of rituximab if recurrence

Summary: Myasthenia is an autoimmune disease causing dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction, resulting in fluctuating and variable muscle weakness. In the initial phase of the disease, 70% of patients present with ocular onset myasthenia (OMG), i.e. weakness limited to the oculomotor muscles. Generalization to skeletal, bulbar and axial muscles occurs in 20-40% of cases, with a higher frequency in the first and second years, respectively 46% and 60% of generalizations. This reflects the maturation of the autoimmune response in the early years of the disease, and represents a therapeutic window of opportunity to modify the course of the disease. Generalization is a critical event, putting the patient at risk of admission to an intensive care unit and necessitating the use of long-term immunosuppressants. There is currently no validated strategy for preventing generalization. On the one hand, a preventive role for corticosteroid therapy in ocular-onset myasthenia has been observed in some studies, but not confirmed by others. These contradictory results may be explained by the bias of retrospective observational studies and the use of different corticosteroid administration regimens. On the other hand, recent data on the use of low-dose Rituximab in the early phase of the disease shows greater efficacy than later use, enabling prolonged remission of the disease with a very good tolerability profile. We propose to compare in a randomized controlled trial the usual practice with a proactive strategy with a standardized corticosteroid regimen immediate at diagnosis. Patients with ocular myasthenia are usually treated symptomatically with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The introduction of corticosteroids is delayed and limited to patients with persistent disabling diplopia or ptosis with occlusion. When corticosteroids are tapered off, ocular symptoms may recur. This level of corticosteroid dependence observed in patients treated for ocular myasthenia has not been specifically studied. In order to reduce the levels of corticosteroids administered and avoid recurrence of ocular symptoms and their delayed generalization, it is usually proposed to introduce another immunosuppressant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a standardized proactive prevention strategy on the generalization of ocular onset myasthenias during the first 2 years. It will combine immediate treatment with corticosteroids at the time of diagnosis, with the addition of rituximab in the event of recurrence of ocular symptoms as corticosteroids are tapered off.

Criteria for eligibility:
Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria: - Patients over 18 years of age - Diagnosis of ocular myasthenia within the last 6 months, defined : - either by a typical clinical examination objectified by an expert clinician: ptosis and/or binocular diplopia, with a variable and fluctuating character (either spontaneous or provoked by effort or rest) - or by positive anti-AChR antibodies or the presence of decrement on repetitive nerve stimulation or a positive edrophonium test - Ocular symptoms lasting at least one month and limited to extra-ocular muscles (weakness in one or both orbicularis oculi) - No non-ocular symptoms on MMS, MGC and MG-ADL. - Naïve to immunosuppressive therapy for ocular myasthenia gravis. Exclusion Criteria: - Thymoma - Pupillary anomaly other than that resulting from previous local disease or surgery. - Signs of restrictive abduction or supraduction myopathy due to dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. - Graves' ophthalmopathy - Onset of ocular symptoms more than one year before screening date - Hypersensitivity to rituximab, murine proteins, prednisone, methylprednisone, aziathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine, paracetamol, dexchlorpheniramine. - Any infectious condition - Patients with severe immune deficiency - Severe heart failure (New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV) or severe uncontrolled heart disease - Severe hepatic insufficiency - Psychotic states not yet controlled by treatment - Hyperuricemia on xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol and febuxostat) - Risk of angle-closure glaucoma - Risk of urinary retention due to urethro-prostatic disorders - Vaccination with live attenuated vaccine required during study and up to 6 months after rituximab discontinuation - Women of childbearing age who do not wish to use effective contraception during their participation and at least 12 months after - Pregnant or breast-feeding women

Gender: All

Minimum age: 18 Years

Maximum age: N/A

Healthy volunteers: No

Start date: June 2024

Completion date: June 2029

Lead sponsor:
Agency: Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild
Agency class: Other

Source: Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild

Record processing date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on November 12, 2024

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov page: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06342544