Adding vemurafenib to cobimetinib: beneficial against melanoma
Adding vemurafenib to cobimetinib: beneficial against melanoma
21 Mar 2016Cobimetinib (trade name: Cotellic) has been approved since November 2015 in combination with vemurafenib for the treatment of adults with advanced, i.e. metastatic or unresectable, melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation. The Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) therefore commissioned the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) to examine whether cobimetinib in combination with vemurafenib has an added benefit over the appropriate comparator therapy vemurafenib alone.
IQWiG found positive and negative effects for several patient-relevant outcomes, which did not completely outweigh one another: An indication of a minor added benefit of the new drug combination compared with vemurafenib monotherapy remained.
In about half of all melanomas, the gene for the BRAF enzyme is mutated, which belongs to the MAP kinase signal pathway and which, in its changed form, contributes to increased cell proliferation. Drugs such as vemurafenib inhibit the activity of the mutated BRAF kinase. However, many melanomas develop resistance after some time; they bypass the blocked MAP kinase pathway. A second inhibitor targeting a different site is used to lower this risk: Cobimetinib inhibits the MEK enzyme, which follows BRAF in the signal pathway.
Clinical results of the approval study
The drug manufacturer cited the study coBRIM, which was decisive for the approval, in its dossier. In this study, cobimetinib in combination with vemurafenib was directly compared with vemurafenib. The patient-relevant outcomes of this randomized, double-blind study were overall survival, symptoms, health status, health-related quality of life and adverse events. The risk of bias for the outcomes "morbidity", "health-related quality of life" and "adverse events" was rated as high.
In particular, the analysis of the results revealed that:
- Participants in the combination arm of the study survived significantly longer than in the vemurafenib arm: an indication of an added benefit of cobimetinib plus vemurafenib.
- Moreover, there were indications of lesser harm of the combination compared with vemurafenib monotherapy for three outcomes in the category of adverse events, namely neoplasms, alopecia and hyperkeratosis.
- In patients under 65 years of age, there was also a hint of an added benefit in the category "morbidity", i.e. less pain.
Considerable negative effects
This was offset by indications and hints of greater harm. For diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and serous retinopathy/retinal detachment, this applied to the total population. In contrast, the hints of greater harm regarding severe adverse events and the adverse event "photosensitivity reaction" were limited to patients with certain metastasis stages.
The certainty of results was greater for the advantages, particularly overall survival, than for the disadvantages. Hence the considerable negative effects did not outweigh the considerable positive effects, but only resulted in a downgrading of their extent. Overall, there is an indication of a minor added benefit of the combination cobimetinib plus vemurafenib compared with vemurafenib monotherapy.
Source: Medical News Today